Odisha, formerly known as Orissa, is a state located in the eastern part of India. It has a rich and diverse history that dates back thousands of years. Here is an overview of the history of Odisha:

Ancient Perio d (c. 2000 BCE - 500 CE):
The region of Odisha has a long history of human civilization, with evidence of ancient cultures and settlements dating back to the prehistoric period. During this time, various dynasties and kingdoms emerged, including the Mahameghavahana dynasty and the Kalinga kingdom. The Kalinga kingdom was particularly prominent and known for its maritime trade and cultural contributions.


  3. Mauryan Period (c. 300 BCE):

  4. In the 3rd century BCE, the Mauryan emperor Ashoka launched a military campaign against the Kalinga kingdom, leading to the famous Kalinga War in 261 BCE. The brutalities of this war profoundly affected Ashoka, and he eventually renounced violence and embraced Buddhism, becoming an advocate of non-violence and religious tolerance.

  5. Golden Age of Odisha (c. 4th to 12th century CE): The period between the 4th and 12th centuries is considered the Golden Age of Odisha. This era saw the rise of the powerful Kalinga dynasty, which contributed significantly to the art, architecture, and culture of the region. The Nanda dynasty and later the Gupta dynasty also held influence in Odisha during this time. The famous rock-cut caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri near Bhubaneswar date from this period.




  8. Ganga Dynasty (c. 12th to 15th century CE):

  9. The Ganga dynasty, not to be confused with the Ganges river, ruled over Odisha during the 12th to 15th centuries. They were great patrons of art and culture and were responsible for building many temples, including the iconic Jagannath Temple in Puri, dedicated to Lord Jagannath (an incarnation of Lord Vishnu).

  10. Gajapati Era (c. 15th to 16th century CE): The Gajapati era was characterized by the rule of the Gajapati kings who emerged as significant power in Odisha. Kapilendra Deva, also known as Kapilendra Sahu, was one of the notable rulers of this dynasty. During this time, Odisha faced multiple conflicts with neighboring regions and other regional powers.



  13. Maratha and British Rule (c. 18th to 19th century CE):

  14. In the 18th century, the Marathas gained control over parts of Odisha. However, in 1803, the British East India Company defeated the Marathas and took over the administration of the region. Odisha became a part of British India and remained so until India gained independence in 1947.




  17. Post-Independence (1947 - present):

  18. After India gained independence, Odisha became a state of the Indian Union on April 1, 1936. Since then, it has witnessed rapid development and progress in various sectors. Today, Odisha is known for its cultural heritage, art, dance, music, and its rich contributions to the country's cultural diversity.

Throughout its history, Odisha has endured various challenges and has seen the rise and fall of numerous dynasties. The state's historical significance, combined with its cultural heritage and natural beauty, makes it a fascinating place to explore and understand the rich tapestry of India's past.